Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 74 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {a+2 \sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{\sqrt {3} a}\right )}{a^2}-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a-\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2} \]
-1/2*ln(x)/a^2+3/2*ln(a-(-b^3*x+a^3)^(1/3))/a^2-arctan(1/3*(a+2*(-b^3*x+a^ 3)^(1/3))/a*3^(1/2))*3^(1/2)/a^2
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 99, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.34 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {a+2 \sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{\sqrt {3} a}\right )-2 \log \left (a-\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}\right )+\log \left (a^2+a \sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}+\left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}\right )}{2 a^2} \]
-1/2*(2*Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(a + 2*(a^3 - b^3*x)^(1/3))/(Sqrt[3]*a)] - 2*Log[a - (a^3 - b^3*x)^(1/3)] + Log[a^2 + a*(a^3 - b^3*x)^(1/3) + (a^3 - b^3*x)^( 2/3)])/a^2
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.222, Rules used = {69, 16, 1082, 217}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 69 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{a-\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}d\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{2 a^2}-\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{a^2+\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x} a+\left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}}d\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{2 a}-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 16 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{a^2+\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x} a+\left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}}d\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{2 a}-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a-\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1082 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {3 \int \frac {1}{-\left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}-3}d\left (\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{a}+1\right )}{a^2}-\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a-\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\log (x)}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}}{a}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{a^2}+\frac {3 \log \left (a-\sqrt [3]{a^3-b^3 x}\right )}{2 a^2}\) |
-((Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 + (2*(a^3 - b^3*x)^(1/3))/a)/Sqrt[3]])/a^2) - Log[x]/ (2*a^2) + (3*Log[a - (a^3 - b^3*x)^(1/3)])/(2*a^2)
3.5.25.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(c_.)/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[1/(((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_))*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(2/3)), x_Symbol] :> With[ {q = Rt[(b*c - a*d)/b, 3]}, Simp[-Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/(2*b*q^2), x] + (-Simp[3/(2*b*q) Subst[Int[1/(q^2 + q*x + x^2), x], x, (c + d*x)^(1 /3)], x] - Simp[3/(2*b*q^2) Subst[Int[1/(q - x), x], x, (c + d*x)^(1/3)], x])] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && PosQ[(b*c - a*d)/b]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*S implify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Simp[-2/b Subst[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b )], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] || !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 89, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.20
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a +2 \left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 a}\right )+2 \ln \left (-a +\left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )-\ln \left (a^{2}+a \left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 a^{2}}\) | \(89\) |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\ln \left (a -\left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{2}}+\frac {-\frac {\ln \left (a^{2}+a \left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2}-\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a +2 \left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 a}\right )}{a^{2}}\) | \(91\) |
default | \(\frac {\ln \left (a -\left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{2}}+\frac {-\frac {\ln \left (a^{2}+a \left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2}-\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a +2 \left (-b^{3} x +a^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 a}\right )}{a^{2}}\) | \(91\) |
1/2*(-2*3^(1/2)*arctan(1/3*(a+2*(-b^3*x+a^3)^(1/3))/a*3^(1/2))+2*ln(-a+(-b ^3*x+a^3)^(1/3))-ln(a^2+a*(-b^3*x+a^3)^(1/3)+(-b^3*x+a^3)^(2/3)))/a^2
Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 90, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.22 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} a + 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{3 \, a}\right ) + \log \left (a^{2} + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} a + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) - 2 \, \log \left (-a + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2}} \]
-1/2*(2*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*(sqrt(3)*a + 2*sqrt(3)*(-b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3))/a) + log(a^2 + (-b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3)*a + (-b^3*x + a^3)^(2/3)) - 2*log(-a + ( -b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3)))/a^2
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 1.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 136, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.84 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {\log {\left (1 - \frac {b \sqrt [3]{- \frac {a^{3}}{b^{3}} + x} e^{\frac {i \pi }{3}}}{a} \right )} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )}{3 a^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} - \frac {e^{\frac {i \pi }{3}} \log {\left (1 - \frac {b \sqrt [3]{- \frac {a^{3}}{b^{3}} + x} e^{i \pi }}{a} \right )} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )}{3 a^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} + \frac {e^{\frac {2 i \pi }{3}} \log {\left (1 - \frac {b \sqrt [3]{- \frac {a^{3}}{b^{3}} + x} e^{\frac {5 i \pi }{3}}}{a} \right )} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )}{3 a^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} \]
log(1 - b*(-a**3/b**3 + x)**(1/3)*exp_polar(I*pi/3)/a)*gamma(1/3)/(3*a**2* gamma(4/3)) - exp(I*pi/3)*log(1 - b*(-a**3/b**3 + x)**(1/3)*exp_polar(I*pi )/a)*gamma(1/3)/(3*a**2*gamma(4/3)) + exp(2*I*pi/3)*log(1 - b*(-a**3/b**3 + x)**(1/3)*exp_polar(5*I*pi/3)/a)*gamma(1/3)/(3*a**2*gamma(4/3))
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 91, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.23 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (a + 2 \, {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, a}\right )}{a^{2}} - \frac {\log \left (a^{2} + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} a + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2}} + \frac {\log \left (-a + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{2}} \]
-sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(a + 2*(-b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3))/a)/a^2 - 1/2*log( a^2 + (-b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3)*a + (-b^3*x + a^3)^(2/3))/a^2 + log(-a + (-b^3* x + a^3)^(1/3))/a^2
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.24 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (a + 2 \, {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, a}\right )}{a^{2}} - \frac {\log \left (a^{2} + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} a + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2}} + \frac {\log \left ({\left | -a + {\left (-b^{3} x + a^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{a^{2}} \]
-sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(a + 2*(-b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3))/a)/a^2 - 1/2*log( a^2 + (-b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3)*a + (-b^3*x + a^3)^(2/3))/a^2 + log(abs(-a + (- b^3*x + a^3)^(1/3)))/a^2
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 104, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.41 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (a^3-b^3 x\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {\ln \left (9\,a-9\,{\left (a^3-b^3\,x\right )}^{1/3}\right )}{a^2}+\frac {\ln \left (9\,{\left (a^3-b^3\,x\right )}^{1/3}-\frac {9\,a\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2}\right )\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2\,a^2}-\frac {\ln \left (9\,{\left (a^3-b^3\,x\right )}^{1/3}+\frac {9\,a\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2}\right )\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2\,a^2} \]